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THE SWEDISH LESSONS
 In the Swedish city of Visby (on island Gotland) on March, 10-11th there has passed a seminar on which questions of development of female business were examined. The Swedish business ladies shared experience and problems about 20th the Belarus and Latvian women, participants of the tripartite Belarus-Swedish-Latvian project «the Panorama: Dvina/Daugava». Material stimulus + good mood = profit
Women in Visby have collected not casually. «Now, during crisis, the enterprises over which women supervise, worry crisis, than the enterprises operated men is better. Probably, because women have historically got used to the decision of house problems and crises», – considers the initiator of cooperation between Gotland, Belarus and Latvia Mariann Samuelson, the governor of island Gotland.
After acquaintance with each other the organizer of a meeting of Annabritta von Schulman, the manager of Swedish company "Ecoincite" and the operating director of hotel «S:t Clemens» has told about the experience in business.
Having fulfilled 21 year in administration of Gotland, in 1998 she has begun the business, and 2,5 years ago on pair with the son has bought hotel. «It is final, – Annabritta admits, – in the economic plan it was much more convenient to work at the state enterprise and monthly to receive the stable salary».
Their hotel the first on island Gotland has received a special badge with a swan that means «pure in relation to environment» (this badge is widespread in the countries of northern Europe).
In hotel «S:t Clemens» all lamps have replaced on saving up energy, have established saving up energy souls and cranes which save to 50 % of water, in toilets touch light – is switched off, when leave. All rubbish after visitors is sorted in a special room in which all purely and thus is not present a stench. At cleaning of premises in hotel the rag and simple water (special cleaners are used only at strong pollution) is used. Ware wash with ecologically pure powder or means for ware washing (they too are marked with a special badge on packing) which dosage is necessarily supervised. Is in  Sweden special ecological controllers which check, what means use in hotel and whether the dosage is observed.
And coffee for hotel buy not only ecologically pure but that on it there was one more special badge designating, that people on plantations receive the worthy salary.
Now in «S:t Clemens» behind experience there come even Japanese, and tourists who excite ecology questions, choose hotel «with a swan».
Certainly, each businessman, first of all, reckons economic components of the business. And only then pays attention to ecological and social aspects. But Annabritta considers: the main thing – that people on work felt protected and were in good mood then they will work more effectively, that, in turn, will increase also enterprise profit. In her opinion, the employer should take care not only of social security of workers, but also about that in collective there was an equal ratio of men and women that as researchers consider, improves a microclimate on work. In hotel «S:t Clemens» the proportion of workers of men and women – 50:50 is observed.
Besides it, believes Annabritta, it is impossible to forget about material stimulus of workers. The salary can be identical, but necessarily there should be a system of encouragements since different people make the same work differently (owing to the character, temperament and, of course, vocational training), and differently it should be paid.
Having wide experience of work in administration of Gotland and already more than 10 years the business, Annabritta von Schulman gives now professional consultations to the small and big enterprises for development of their business.
Professionalism – on work, respect and love – in a family
The Swedish women since 60th years of the XX-th century (at this time them at last have allowed to leave «kitchen» for work) assiduously struggle for equality with men both on work, and in private life. Them very much excites, that:
– there are still professions only for women and only for men;
– female professions – the nurse, the teacher of initial classes, the doctor (in the Swedish medical high schools more than 80 % – women) – less paid;
– on the same post to women pay less, than to men;
– the higher supervising posts occupy, basically, men;
– during a maternity leave (it in Sweden 280 days, 60 of which with the child the daddy necessarily should leave) the woman loses qualification.
All these questions have caused rough discussion in the Belarus and Latvian women.
Certainly, it would be healthy, if also our daddies have without fail left at least 60 days from three years of the Belarus maternity leave. It very much would help them to appreciate work of the wife-mother. After all quite often you hear complaints of women which houses with small children, that their husbands sit, having come from work home and having seen there the wife, lain down to have a rest, declare: «That you lay? You and so at home sit all the day, make nothing».
We agree and that there should not be only female or only man's professions. If the man wishes to be the teacher of initial classes, and the woman the metallurgist, – let will be, if at them on that is desire and health. In it there should not be restrictions. As well as there should not be obstacles depending on a sex and at employment (we read announcements in newspapers: «the woman is required» or «the man is required"). First of all, good specialists should be required. And it already depends both on the received knowledge, and from personal qualities. It is no secret, that at times the person without the vocational education performs the same work better, than the one who has the corresponding diploma.
And if to think globally of equality of men and women, there is a question: «What for to argue with God?» So happens, that we were born women, instead of men, and us the God allowed to give birth to children and to nurse them. And at least we will be never equal in it.  And to make up for lost time during a maternity leave never late if you with the husband really love and respect each other, and he is interested in your professional growth. Of it all participants of a seminar were convinced by Irina Shevyakova – mother of four children from the smallest city of Belarus of Disna. While she was in maternity leave, her husband grew professionally, and now he in every possible way promotes also to her professional growth. Here and now has let off Irina to Sweden, and itself remained at home with children.
"Pi-pi" and «à-à» instead of diapers
Throughout all seminar of its participants not only ate ecologically pure meal, but also visited the enterprises making ecologically a net production. As has explained the manager of the enterprise «Imse Vimse» Mary Valberg, «ecologically the net production» means, that for manufacture, say, wines, coffee or a cotton the raw materials at first were grown up without application of chemical fertilizers, and then all its technological processing occurred also without chemicals.
At the enterprise «Imse Vimse» 20 years ecologically pure reusable diapers for children till 4th years make, the female reusable linings calculated approximately on 200 washings, and also a lot of other useful production.
Certainly, that all disposable diapers-linings daily, monthly, annually increase quantity of rubbish, is the fact conclusive. Also that, having bought once the complete set of reusable diapers-linings, we essentially save, it too the fact. But, as has noticed Mary, to the former Soviet women, which else rather recently "have seized" upon disposable linings,  it will be very difficult to refuse this convenient hygienic small change. And the former Soviet women with it absolutely agree. Though, according to the Swedish physicians (that, however, our compatriot from Polotsk maternity hospital Tamara Dultseva has confirmed also), because of using disposable linings at women disease of a candidiasis has increased. But who has proved, what reusable linings it is more healthy?
Much was the questions connected and with diapers. I will remind, that the enterprise «Imse Vimse» makes diapers for children till 4th years, is at them also training diapers,that is at first the baby till 4th years urinated in a diaper more thickly also does not feel dampness, and then to him put on a training diaper – is more thin, that he began to understand, that to him is wet and it is better piss in a potty. What? Till 4th years not to accustom to a potty? Than the Swedish parents in a maternity leave are engaged? To us a diaper for 4-year-old children and a training diaper are necessary only for very lazy mums. Besides in the majority because of dearness of diapers our mums put on to their children only when deduce on street. At us potty-training the daily – as soon as the child became though something to think, him already bring to a potty and say magic sounds "pi-pi" and «à-à». Works! Also it is not necessary any training diapers!
Besides diapers-linings Mary Valberg has told and that, for example, at washing of cotton products it is impossible to use a conditioner as it spoils a cotton, that all antiperspirants contain substance from aluminium which causes an Alzheimer's disease and that in Sweden already in many villages pay for the handed over quantity of rubbish – the more you litter, the more and you pay
Washing-up with whey
On an index of a good life (a human way of life + ecology) from 180 countries in which researches were carried out, 1 place – at Sweden (79+49 accordingly), Latvia – on 16th (62+46), and at Belarus – 53 place (46+50). It turns out, that an ecological indicator in Belarus on one point above, than in Sweden, and on four points above, than in Latvia. It, undoubtedly, pleases, but to relax it is impossible. In some questions of ecology to us to "lagging behind" Swedes still to grow and grow.
The island Gotland administration has developed the ecological program till 2025. By this time they plan to pass to ecological fuel completely, to clear the polluted mountain chains, the earth and the sea, and also it is less to build new buildings and constructions (likely for this reason they very much make thrifty use of the buildings constructed in the last centuries).
Now, if there is a necessity of building on island of new buildings try to make it as much as possible harmlessly: with natural ventilation, various systems which are saving up energy, from jalousie on which there are the solar panels supervised by the computer (when hot, they turn one side, when it is cold – in the opposite direction).
On island Gotland widely use wind, water energy and the biofuel received from rubbish, a waste of agriculture and tree processing. In some houses for energy development establish on roofs solar panels.
For Swedes quite normally to go for work by a bicycle and if employees live nearby from each other this week one collects by the car of everything, on following – another (it is better not only for ecology, but also for a purse).
Administration of Gotland allocates considerable means from the budget for purchase of ecologically pure products for kindergartens, medical institutions and houses for aged.
Since 1996 on island at full speed goes åcological education which begins with a kindergarten. Already there to children put in a head as it is necessary to make thrifty use of environment and that will be if they do not make it. Already in a kindergarten of children teach to throw rubbish in different containers – separately a paper, plastic, glass and other waste. And it is no wonder, that when such children grow, for them there are no problems to throw out rubbish in the necessary container. It as is natural how to breathe.
Besides ecological education in a kindergarten and school, on the Swedish TV also it is a lot of programs for children, in which tell how to sort rubbish and to protect environment.
At production Swedes place emphasis on reduction of volume and quantity of packing. For example, as has told Annabritta von Schulman, now in Sweden try to let release a tooth-paste without paper packing (it after all and so it is packed into a tube). And manufacturers in Sweden pay the tax to packing which then someone should process. Therefore for them the problem ¹1 – to remove unnecessary packing. 
Summing up a seminar,Tatyana Lapina, the PR-manager of information-consulting association "the City of Vitebsk and the company", has noticed, that to us, to Byelorussians if unpacked not to manage, it is necessary to use more actively with that end in view flax (linen sacks, undoubtedly, are more harmless polyethylene). But, first of all, in Belarus it is necessary to develop the educational ecological program for kindergartens and schools and to introduce it during a life.
Aya Pudane which is engaged in preservation of the environment at administration of Daugavpils (Latvia), also it agree, that, first of all, it is necessary to develop training ecological programs for children, to advertise the ecological goods on TV and simultaneously to explain, how them to choose.
The director of a network of food shops "Dionis" from Polotsk Lily Tabola has decided to open in a city if not shop, then section where would be on sale only ecological products.
Galina Meleshko, the director of the Disnensky city centre of culture, is ready to organise on the basis of the centre cultural-information åcological actions, and also to establish at least in culture establishments a game-tejnery for separate gathering of rubbish.
And the mistress of manor from Daugavpils Agnesa Sitnika has shared the experience of use åcological production. In a food she uses only the products which have been grown up on own kitchen garden with use only of organic fertilizers, tea – from grasses with own hand collected in wood, ware washes with the antibacterial means known even to our grandmothers – dairy whey, and a toilet and a bath cleans a nettle.
Everyone is free to choose the way: one simply pursue profit, and others receive the same profit, not forgetting about ecology and doing something to good workers, colleagues, clients and is simple each other.
Elena ALIMOVA, newspaper «Vitebskiy prospekt».
Photos of the author
  
 
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